![]() Methods: In this observational, web-based survey study, participants ( N = 886) were measured across five successive time-points: 2 weeks before, hours before, and the day after a psychedelic ceremony as well as the day after, and 4 weeks after leaving the ceremony location. This study introduces and psychometrically validates an adapted Communitas Scale, assessing acute relational experiences of perceived togetherness and shared humanity, in order to investigate psychosocial mechanisms pertinent to psychedelic ceremonies and retreats. Nevertheless, current small-scale clinical and laboratory studies have tended to bypass a ubiquitous contextual feature of naturalistic psychedelic use: its social dimension. Historically and contemporarily, psychedelic studies have emphasized the importance of contextual elements ('set and setting') in modulating acute drug effects, and ultimately, influencing long-term outcomes. 3Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdomīackground: Recent years have seen a resurgence of research on the potential of psychedelic substances to treat addictive and mood disorders.2Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.1Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. ![]()
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